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X-WR-CALDESC:4 June 1942 - The Battle of Midway 'turning point in the Pacif
ic' began. In June 1942\, the Japanese had hoped to surprise the American
military on Midway Island and claim this crucial location. However\, Ameri
can Navy cryptologists stationed in Hawaii had made some breaks into the J
apanese Navy Fleet Code\, known to cryptanalysts as JN-25B. Knowing Midway
would be attacked\, the U.S. Navy and Marines were able to adjust their f
orces and combat the attack head on. After a series of losses\, the United
States won a decisive victory over the Japanese Imperial fleet. Damages t
o the Japanese carrier fleet were insurmountable and their momentum was br
oken. The Japanese were never able to replace the four aircraft carriers a
nd 332 aircraft.\n\nNCM Curator Patrick Weadon frequently gives talks abou
t the Battle of Midway. In June 2016 he spoke at the 2016 Battle of Midway
Ceremony in Annapolis\, MD\, commemorating the 74th anniversary. Click th
e link below to learn more and watch a video of his presentation. You can
also find a link to a Battle of Midway brochure by Patrick Weadon linked b
elow.\n\nFrom Wikipedia:\n\nThe Battle of Midw
ay was a crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theatre of World
War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942\, only six months after Japan's attack
on Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea\, the Unit
ed States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz\, Frank Jack Fletcher\, and R
aymond A. Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial
Japanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto\, Chuichi Nagumo\, and Nobut
ake Kondo near Midway Atoll\, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanes
e fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it
'the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare.' It
was Japan's first naval defeat since the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits in
1863.\n\nMany may not be familiar with the story of how Admiral Chester Ni
mitz knew where to place his ships and planes to prevent a fatal Japanese
blow to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. \n\nIn the spring of '42\, after months of
painstaking work to break the Japanese naval code known as JN25\, Station
Hypo under Commander Joseph Rochefort finally made the breakthrough for w
hich they had been searching. This was not the same 'Purple' code the Japa
nese diplomats used and had been broken months earlier. JN25 consisted of
approximately 45\,000 five-digit numbers\, each representing a word or phr
ase. More so\, the code was modified regularly. Breaking it meant guessing
the meanings of enough of these numbers and extrapolating the missing par
ts so cryptologists could decrypt a whole message. \n\nBy May 8\, Cmdr. Ro
chefort knew that a major enemy operation\, whose objective was sometimes
called AF\, was in the offing and could take place somewhere in the Centra
l Pacific. After several sleepless\, shower-less\, coffee-filled days and
nights\, he was sure the target was Midway Island. His superiors in Washin
gton needed convincing\, however\, so he and his team devised a test that
would confirm the location of AF. With Admiral Nimitz' permission\, Cmdr.
Rochefort had the radio station on Midway falsely report that their water
distillation plant had broken down\, causing a severe water shortage. With
in 48 hours\, the stations at Hawaii and Melbourne\, Australia\, decrypted
a Japanese radio transmission alerting commanders that AF was short of wa
ter. \n\nBy May 27\, when JN25 was modified again\, Cmdr. Rochefort had co
nstructed such a detailed picture of Japanese plans that Cmdr. Edwin Layto
n\, Adm. Nimitz' intelligence officer\, was able to predict almost precise
ly when and where the enemy striking force would arrive with a detailed or
der-of-battle. With this information\, Adm. Nimitz was able to set the tra
p for what would become the greatest nautical ambush in history.\n\nWe rem
ember the cryptologists who accomplished what many thought to be impossibl
e. We also remember the Army and Navy pilots\, Marines\, and Sailors who f
ought bravely against all odds and accomplished the greatest nautical vict
ory in the history of naval warfare.\n\n***Visit StationHypo.com (see link
below) to follow a 5 part series of blog posts that aired in 2016 -titled
\, 'The Path to Midway.'
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DTSTAMP:20240329T075212Z
DESCRIPTION:4 June 1942 - The Battle of Midway 'turning point in the Pacifi
c' began. In June 1942\, the Japanese had hoped to surprise the American m
ilitary on Midway Island and claim this crucial location. However\, Americ
an Navy cryptologists stationed in Hawaii had made some breaks into the Ja
panese Navy Fleet Code\, known to cryptanalysts as JN-25B. Knowing Midway
would be attacked\, the U.S. Navy and Marines were able to adjust their fo
rces and combat the attack head on. After a series of losses\, the United
States won a decisive victory over the Japanese Imperial fleet. Damages to
the Japanese carrier fleet were insurmountable and their momentum was bro
ken. The Japanese were never able to replace the four aircraft carriers an
d 332 aircraft.\n\nNCM Curator Patrick Weadon frequently gives talks about
the Battle of Midway. In June 2016 he spoke at the 2016 Battle of Midway
Ceremony in Annapolis\, MD\, commemorating the 74th anniversary. Click the
link below to learn more and watch a video of his presentation. You can a
lso find a link to a Battle of Midway brochure by Patrick Weadon linked be
low.\n\nFrom Wikipedia:\n\nThe Battle of Midwa
y was a crucial and decisive naval battle in the Pacific Theatre of World
War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942\, only six months after Japan's attack o
n Pearl Harbor and one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea\, the Unite
d States Navy under Admirals Chester Nimitz\, Frank Jack Fletcher\, and Ra
ymond A. Spruance decisively defeated an attacking fleet of the Imperial J
apanese Navy under Admirals Isoroku Yamamoto\, Chuichi Nagumo\, and Nobuta
ke Kondo near Midway Atoll\, inflicting devastating damage on the Japanese
fleet that proved irreparable. Military historian John Keegan called it '
the most stunning and decisive blow in the history of naval warfare.' It w
as Japan's first naval defeat since the Battle of Shimonoseki Straits in 1
863.\n\nMany may not be familiar with the story of how Admiral Chester Nim
itz knew where to place his ships and planes to prevent a fatal Japanese b
low to the U.S. Pacific Fleet. \n\nIn the spring of '42\, after months of
painstaking work to break the Japanese naval code known as JN25\, Station
Hypo under Commander Joseph Rochefort finally made the breakthrough for wh
ich they had been searching. This was not the same 'Purple' code the Japan
ese diplomats used and had been broken months earlier. JN25 consisted of a
pproximately 45\,000 five-digit numbers\, each representing a word or phra
se. More so\, the code was modified regularly. Breaking it meant guessing
the meanings of enough of these numbers and extrapolating the missing part
s so cryptologists could decrypt a whole message. \n\nBy May 8\, Cmdr. Roc
hefort knew that a major enemy operation\, whose objective was sometimes c
alled AF\, was in the offing and could take place somewhere in the Central
Pacific. After several sleepless\, shower-less\, coffee-filled days and n
ights\, he was sure the target was Midway Island. His superiors in Washing
ton needed convincing\, however\, so he and his team devised a test that w
ould confirm the location of AF. With Admiral Nimitz' permission\, Cmdr. R
ochefort had the radio station on Midway falsely report that their water d
istillation plant had broken down\, causing a severe water shortage. Withi
n 48 hours\, the stations at Hawaii and Melbourne\, Australia\, decrypted
a Japanese radio transmission alerting commanders that AF was short of wat
er. \n\nBy May 27\, when JN25 was modified again\, Cmdr. Rochefort had con
structed such a detailed picture of Japanese plans that Cmdr. Edwin Layton
\, Adm. Nimitz' intelligence officer\, was able to predict almost precisel
y when and where the enemy striking force would arrive with a detailed ord
er-of-battle. With this information\, Adm. Nimitz was able to set the trap
for what would become the greatest nautical ambush in history.\n\nWe reme
mber the cryptologists who accomplished what many thought to be impossible
. We also remember the Army and Navy pilots\, Marines\, and Sailors who fo
ught bravely against all odds and accomplished the greatest nautical victo
ry in the history of naval warfare.\n\n***Visit StationHypo.com (see link
below) to follow a 5 part series of blog posts that aired in 2016 -titled\
, 'The Path to Midway.'
DTSTART;TZID=America/New_York:20190604T000000
DTEND;TZID=America/New_York:20190604T235900
LOCATION:
SUMMARY:1942: Battle of Midway began.
END:VEVENT
END:VCALENDAR